Sequencing the GRHL3 Coding Region Reveals Rare Truncating Mutations and a Common Susceptibility Variant for Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate.

نویسندگان

  • Elisabeth Mangold
  • Anne C Böhmer
  • Nina Ishorst
  • Ann-Kathrin Hoebel
  • Pinar Gültepe
  • Hannah Schuenke
  • Johanna Klamt
  • Andrea Hofmann
  • Lina Gölz
  • Ruth Raff
  • Peter Tessmann
  • Stefanie Nowak
  • Heiko Reutter
  • Alexander Hemprich
  • Thomas Kreusch
  • Franz-Josef Kramer
  • Bert Braumann
  • Rudolf Reich
  • Gül Schmidt
  • Andreas Jäger
  • Rudolf Reiter
  • Sibylle Brosch
  • Janis Stavusis
  • Miho Ishida
  • Rimante Seselgyte
  • Gudrun E Moore
  • Markus M Nöthen
  • Guntram Borck
  • Khalid A Aldhorae
  • Baiba Lace
  • Philip Stanier
  • Michael Knapp
  • Kerstin U Ludwig
چکیده

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) are the most frequent subphenotypes of orofacial clefts. A common syndromic form of orofacial clefting is Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) where individuals have CL/P or CPO, often but not always associated with lower lip pits. Recently, ∼5% of VWS-affected individuals were identified with mutations in the grainy head-like 3 gene (GRHL3). To investigate GRHL3 in nonsyndromic clefting, we sequenced its coding region in 576 Europeans with nsCL/P and 96 with nsCPO. Most strikingly, nsCPO-affected individuals had a higher minor allele frequency for rs41268753 (0.099) than control subjects (0.049; p = 1.24 × 10(-2)). This association was replicated in nsCPO/control cohorts from Latvia, Yemen, and the UK (pcombined = 2.63 × 10(-5); ORallelic = 2.46 [95% CI 1.6-3.7]) and reached genome-wide significance in combination with imputed data from a GWAS in nsCPO triads (p = 2.73 × 10(-9)). Notably, rs41268753 is not associated with nsCL/P (p = 0.45). rs41268753 encodes the highly conserved p.Thr454Met (c.1361C>T) (GERP = 5.3), which prediction programs denote as deleterious, has a CADD score of 29.6, and increases protein binding capacity in silico. Sequencing also revealed four novel truncating GRHL3 mutations including two that were de novo in four families, where all nine individuals harboring mutations had nsCPO. This is important for genetic counseling: given that VWS is rare compared to nsCPO, our data suggest that dominant GRHL3 mutations are more likely to cause nonsyndromic than syndromic CPO. Thus, with rare dominant mutations and a common risk variant in the coding region, we have identified an important contribution for GRHL3 in nsCPO.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • American journal of human genetics

دوره 98 4  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016